Hyperpigmentation
It is excessive production of melanin. Hyperpigmentation is the main problem in the colored population of Asia, Africa. Hyperpigmentation manifests in form of dark patches in a different part of the body. It is most prominent on the face, neck, and forearms.
Hyperpigmentation can appear in form of brown, dark brown, grey Brown, or blue-grey, purple, black patches on the skin. It is common in both men and women.
This also depends upon Lifestyle habits. This is a Cosmetic condition where treatment of skin is used to lighten the affected or protect the area from becoming worse sometimes.
TYPES OF HYERPIGMENTATION
Hyperpigmentation is of three types. It is called melasma, a sunspot, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Melasma is pregnancy-related hyperpigmentation. It occurs due to hormonal change. The hyperpigmented areas develop on the face, neck, and stomach. These occur due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. It may also occur due to the intake of oral contraceptives. Addison's disease that affects the adrenal gland's function also causes melasma.
Sunspots are also called liver Spots. It mainly develops due to sun exposure in the colored population many developed on the face, neck, and arms
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is mainly caused by inflammation in facial skin, or due to acne or skin allergy. Sometimes the hyperpigmentation may be caused by some diseases, such as Chikungunya this is also classified into post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF MELANIN
Biologically hyperpigmentation occurs due to the formation of melanin in melanocytes. The melanin in the colored populations is evenly distributed in melanocytes in different parts of the body. The melanin is normally produced in melanocytes and is evenly distributed in the body in colored people they protect from UVA and UVB.
In hyperpigmentation, melanin is produced in large amounts, and stored in lysosomes organelle is called melanosomes. The melanocytes accumulate in patches in the dermis and the epidermis during hyperpigmentation. These melanocytes are normally engulfed by macrophages to remove the melanin patches in hyperpigmented areas, but this process may take 2 to 5 weeks or even years in some people.
The causes of hyperpigmentation
HORMONAL IMBALANCE
It is caused by hormonal imbalance as in the case of melasma. It is caused by oral contraceptives are taken. The pregnancy hormone causes the production of melanin and the production of hyperchromatic cells in the dermis and epidermis. Addison's disease where the endocrine hormone imbalance causes hyperpigmentation
POST-INFLAMMATORY HYPERPIGMENTATION OR PIH
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is caused due to injury or inflammation in the skin this may be due to some allergic reaction on the skin this may be caused by acne or eczema. Some diseases or continuous fever may also cause hyperpigmentation.
DRUGS
Intakes of drugs that make skin sensitive to sunlight also cause hyperpigmentation. A superficial burn injury may also cause hyperpigmentation long exposure to sunlight cause hyperpigmentation in the colored population. Chemotherapy drugs may also cause hyperpigmentation.
The treatment of hyperpigmentation
The treatment of hyperpigmentation in falls in cosmetic processes. There are three levels of cosmetic processes involved in the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Chemical peeling is done using Kojic acid, ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, hydroquinone. These acids are used alone or in combination. They are applied on dark patches. And are used for 2 to 7 weeks or until the skin lightens. Hydroquinone is also used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. These preparations are available in over-the-counter creams.
Sun blockage
Using sunscreen in exposed areas of SPF 30 to 50. Using clothing that can block sunlight to the sensitive areas using long-rimmed hats, full sleeve clothes can decrease the exposure of skin to sunlight and protect the area from hyperpigmentation.
The cosmetic blockage is also used to hide the patch skin behind some cosmetic products.
Laser treatment may be used for treating hyperpigmentation.
TYROSIN DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITION
The enzyme tyrosine dehydrogenase inhibitors are used in long term for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. These are chemicals either directly inhibit the tyrosin dehydrogenase or block copper, thus inhibiting the activity of the enzyme that converts tyrosine into melanin. These Chemicals are hydroquinone, retinoids, ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C. Hydroquinone, however, is found to be the gold standard treatment for hyperpigmentation but in some patients, it may cause sensitivity to the skin.Home remedies for hyperpigmentation
Gram flour mask
Multani mitti mask
Neem-tulsi mask
Honey-lemon
Orange peel mask
Apple cider vinegar
Green tea
Black tea water
Tomato paste
Red onion
Aloe vera gel
Milk
Flaxseed gel cream
These home remedies are used to treat hyperpigmentation
Gram flour mask
Take a spoonful of gram flour, add a pinch of turmeric to it, add a small amount of milk to make a paste of it. Apply the paste on the face neck and arms, allowing it to dry, wash with water. This reduces inflammation and cleanses the skin and improves pigmentation.
Multani mitti mask
This mask is being used in India for centuries. Wetted Multani mitti alone is applied on the area of sunspots or the whole face. This improves pigmentation.
Neem-tulsi mask
This mask is prepared using green leaves of Neem and tulsi ground and mixed with Multani mitti. Apply it to the affected area, allow it to dry, and wash with water. This mask can be used once a day for 5 to 6 weeks. Dry leaves can be stored and used for the same purpose.
Honey-lemon
A half spoonful of honey is mixed with 4-5 drops of lemon and applied to the face and arms. This reduces inflammation and hyperpigmentation.
Orange peel mask
It can be used fresh or prepared for storage. Fresh orange peel (orange is cut in two pieces) dip it in the crud, apply on face, neck, and arms, apply repeatedly, wash with water. This activity is done once a week.
Otherwise, dry orange peel and pomegranate peel, make it a powder store it. Mix this powder in an equal amount of Multani mitti, add some water and apply to the affected area. Use regularly for better results.
Apple cider vinegar is mixed with water and applied on dark patches left for 2-3 minutes and wash it with lukewarm water apply twice a day for 5 to 6 weeks.
Aloe vera fresh aloe vera gel is applied on the affected skin at night. Leave overnight and wash it with lukewarm water in the morning aloe vera juice reduce tanning due to Sun.
Red onion paste is applied to the skin and left for some time. Some creams contain red onion extract that also improves pigmentation.
Green tea extract boil green tea leaves in water Aloe the back to cool rubbed the back on affected areas of skin repeat this daily for 2 to 6 weeks.
Black tea water, boil tea leaves in water. Allow the water to cool. Filter it use this water by dipping cotton into it and apply on affected area repeat the activity daily for 5 to 6 week
Milk dip cotton in milk and apply on affected areas repeat twice a day. Continue the activity for a month or until your skin improves.
Tomato paste 50-gram tomato paste is applied on the affected area of the skin it can improve the photo-affected area repeat the activity for 12 weeks.
Flaxseed gel is added with aloe vera gel and almond oil makes it as a cream and applies to the affected area of skin it hydrate your skin and improve the tone of skin and make the skin look even.
Very interesting and informative
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